The heavier “fat plate” “Lifelines” were introduced in 1989. Military in 1985 and today are used on the Stealth Bomber, F- 18 fighter jet, and in other demanding military applications. The first AGM, “Air Worthy” batteries were delivered to the U.S. Recombinant gas technology was brought to state-of the-art status at Concorde Battery Corporation, one of the worlds leading suppliers of sealed aviation batteries. Last, Advanced AGM batteries offer exceptional life cycles. Thirdly, since the AGM material has an extremely low electrical resistance, the battery delivers much higher power and efficiency than the other two types. Secondly, since the plates are kept only “moist” with electrolyte, gas recombination is more efficient. In Advanced AGM batteries the acid is absorbed into a very fine glass mat that is never free to slosh around. The latest and most advanced battery technology is Advanced AGM, which was developed to provide increased safety, efficiency, and durability over all existing battery types. This vented hydrogen has caused a number of “fast failures” or battery explosions. When overcharging causes a gel battery’s vent caps to open, explosive gasses may be vented into the battery compartment. Last, gel batteries may store hydrogen gas that has not recombined. During this time liquid is moving and the battery can leak if any opening has developed. After termination of charge, it can take an hour for the acid to gel again. Also the gelled mixture can liquefy upon charge due to the shearing action of gassing (this property is called thixotropic”). These impede acid flow and result in the loss of battery capacity. Gel electrolyte is highly viscous and during charge and discharge the gel can develop voids or cracks. Gelled electrolyte battery designs are generally quite old and few engineering options are left to improve them. They internally recombine most of the gases (hydrogen and oxygen) generated during charging and are maintenance free. Their acid is immobilized by adding “fumed” silica to the sulfuric acid solution and then sealing the battery. They were introduced to American RVs by Sonnenschein of Germany over 30 years ago and widely touted for their increased efficiency and designed safety features. The next types of batteries are gelled acid (Electrolyte) designs. They are the least expensive type and therefore are the choice of many RV owners. They generate and vent dangerous explosive gases, acid “mist” during charging, corrode their terminals, often-acid damage surrounding surfaces, and require regular watering. The liquid sulfuric acid solution in these batteries has destroyed more than a few sets of clothes and pieces of RV gear. The oldest types of lead acid batteries are flooded cell types. Generally, high quality means higher cost. This includes the amount of lead, methods of pasting and curing the plates, degree and type of inter-plate insulation, quality of the case, and the sealing method used. Price is dependent upon the perceived quality as well as the product design, processing, and manufacturing costs. There are various quality levels available in each type. These types are flooded acid, gelled acid, and Advanced AGM (Absorbed Glass Mat). Today, there are three distinct types of lead acid batteries manufactured and any one type can be designed and built for either starting or deep cycle applications.
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